Presence of numerous salts in raw water causes hardness like, Magnesium, Calcium, etc.

The process water, which is hard severely impacts on the performance of equipments. For example, presence of salts in the feed water to boilers & cooling tower can form thick scales along the inner walls of tubes, thereby reducing the heat transfer. Water softening and demineralization plants are used for reducing the hardness & removal of TDS.

An overview of the softening process and demineralization.

Dissolved Impurities in Water